Five Star Poker
Five-card stud is the earliest form of the card game stud poker, originating during the American Civil War,[1] but is less commonly played today than many other more popular poker games. It is still a popular game in parts of the world, especially in Finland where a specific variant of five-card stud called Sökö (also known as Canadian stud or Scandinavian stud) is played.[2] The word sökö is also used for checking in Finland ('I check' = 'minä sökötän').
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The description below assumes that one is familiar with the general game play of poker, and with hand values (both high and low variations). The description also makes no assumptions about what betting structure is used. Five-card stud is sometimes played no limit and pot limit, though fixed limit and spread limit games are common (with higher limits in the later betting rounds). It is typical to use a small ante and a bring-in.
Description of play[edit]
Play begins with each player being dealt one card face down, followed by one card face up (beginning, as usual, with the player to the dealer's left). If played with a bring-in, the player with the lowest-ranking upcard must pay the bring in, and betting proceeds after that. If two players have equally ranked low cards, suit rankings may be used to break the tie. If there is no bring-in, then the first betting round begins with the player showing the highest-ranking upcard, who may check. In this case, suit should not be used to break ties; if two players have the same high upcard, the one first in clockwise rotation from the dealer acts first.
After the first betting round is complete, another face-up card is dealt to each player (after a burn card, starting with the player to the dealer's left, as with all subsequent rounds). Betting now begins with the player whose upcards make the best poker hand (since fewer than five cards are face up, this means no straights, flushes, or full houses). On this and subsequent betting rounds, the player to act first may check or bet up to the game's limit. The second betting round is followed by a third upcard to each player and a third betting round, again starting with the player with the best poker hand showing (thus, the first player to act on each round may change). A fourth face-up card and fourth betting round is followed by a showdown, if necessary (it usually won't be – most deals of five-card stud end early when a player bets and gets no calls).
Example[edit]
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Assume that a game is being played by four players: Alice, who is dealing; Bob, who is sitting to her left; Carol to his left; David to Carol's left. Alice deals one card face down to each player, followed by one card face up to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Bob is dealt the 4♠, Carol the Q♦, David the 4♦, and Alice the 9♣. Because they had earlier agreed to play with a $1 bring-in, David is required to start the betting with a $1 bring-in (his 4♦ is lower than Bob's 4♠ by suit). He has the option to open the betting for more, but he chooses to bet only the required $1. The bring-in sets the current bet amount to $1, so Alice cannot check. She decides to call. Bob folds, indicating this by turning his upcard face down and discarding his cards. Carol raises to $3. David folds (forfeiting his bring-in), and Alice calls.
Third street[edit]
Alice now deals a second face-up card to each remaining player: Carol is dealt the J♣, and Alice the Q♥. Alice's two face-up cards make a poker hand of no pair, Q-9 high, and Carol has Q-J high, so it is Carol's turn to bet. She checks, as does Alice, ending the betting round.
Fourth street[edit]
Another face up card is dealt: Carol gets the 3♥, and Alice gets the Q♣. Alice now has a pair of queens showing, and Carol still has no pair, so Alice bets first. She bets $5, and Carol calls.
Fifth Street[edit]
The final card is dealt face up: Carol gets the A♦ and Alice gets the 4♥. Carol still only has no pair showing, thus resulting in Alice, with her pair of queens showing, set to start the betting. Alice bets $5 and is raised to $10 by Carol. Alice calls and the two must now enter into a showdown - where both players compare their best five-card poker hand. Since Carol was the last player to take aggressive action, she shows first - flipping over her hole card, the A♣ - thus giving her a pair of aces. Since she is the last to act, Alice is allowed to muck her cards and does so. Therefore, the pot of $37 goes to Carol.
Popularity[edit]
Since its popularity during the American Civil War, five-card stud has seen a gradual decline in its popularity. Despite this drop in status, it is still enjoyed by many players.
Major tournaments[edit]
Five-card stud was one of the preliminary events in the World Series of Poker in 1971, 1972, 1973 and 1974. All four of these events were won by Bill Boyd (he won a total of $80,000 from these four events) – the only WSOP bracelets he won.[3] Due to the declining popularity of five-card stud, it was left out of the 1975 World Series of Poker and has been absent from all subsequent World Series of Poker schedules. Although five-card stud has not been featured in major tournaments since the 70s, it was occasionally still offered in the 1990s in both Europe[4] and North America.[5]
Cash games[edit]
Five-card stud was limited to small home games and small casino games until becoming available at some online poker cardrooms.[6]
Variants[edit]
Traditional five-card stud involves one hole card with four cards face-up, making it simple for even a novice to read the possible hand strength of an opponent effectively. The transparency of a player's hand cuts out much of the element of uncertainty found in more popular games like Texas hold 'em, Omaha hold 'em and Seven-card stud. In order to enlarge that element of uncertainty variants increase the number of hole cards, add a high-low split, play with a stripped deck, introduce a twist round, enable the player to do a 'roll your own' game or even create new and interesting hand rankings.
High-Low[edit]
The game can be played with low hand values, in which case the best low hand showing starts each betting round instead of the best high hand showing. Also, the highest-ranking card must pay the bring-in if it is played with a bring-in. At the end of all betting rounds, the total pot is split into two - one for low-ranking hands, the other for high-ranking hands - and the hands are evaluated based on both low-ranking criteria (for the low pot) and high-ranking criteria (for the high pot). When playing High-Low it is common to use the Ace-to-five low hand ranking to evaluate the low hands and use the standard hand ranking when evaluating high hands. In the United Kingdom, however, the use of Ace-to-six low hand ranking is common when evaluating low hands.[7]
Canadian Stud/Scandinavian Stud/Sökö[edit]
This variant of five-card stud is almost identical to the traditional format - the only difference being the introduction of two new hands into the hand ranking. Due to the sparse nature of flushes and straights in five-card stud, this variant counts four-card straights and four-card flushes as poker hands. A four-card straight is ranked higher than a pair, a four-card flush is ranked higher than a four-card straight, and a two-pair is ranked higher than a four-card flush.[2]
Two Down, Three up/2-3[edit]
Instead of dealing the players one hole card and one upcard, in this variant the players are dealt two hole cards. All subsequent cards are dealt face up, resulting in the fairly self-explanatory name.[8]
Three Down, Two Up/3-2[edit]
Instead of dealing the players one hole card and one upcard, in this variant players are dealt three cards face down. The next two cards are dealt face up. As a result of the high number of cards dealt initially, this variant only has 3 rounds of betting and is thus best played with no limit or pot limit betting structure. The name is again fairly self-explanatory.[8]
One Down, Three Up, One Down/1-3-1[edit]
This variant differs from traditional five-card stud only in the way the final card is dealt. Rather than being face up, in this variant the river is dealt face down—as a hole card. The name, yet again, derives from how a hand looks after all betting rounds are done.[8] This is also a common variant in Finland, where the action of players looking to their hole river card secretly from the others is called 'pihistäminen', (Engl. 'petty theft').
Mexican stud/Stud Loco/Mexican poker[edit]
Mexican stud is a roll your own game where the player receives five face down cards, and has to reveal four of them. The player is dealt two cards (as in traditional five-card stud), and that he/she must expose one of them. The player then receives a third card, and must immediately expose another card in his/her hand. The player exposes another one after receiving a fourth card, and again after a fifth card. Sometimes a stripped deck is used. Mexican stud is also a variant of Seven-card stud, employing the same roll your own rules.[1]
Shifting sands[edit]
This game's only difference in relation to Mexican stud is that the player's hole card, and all cards of that rank, are considered wild cards for that player only.[7]
Telesina/Teresina[edit]
Telesina,[9] with origins in Sanremo, is often described as a variant of five-card stud. The initial four rounds are identical to five-card stud, the players receiving two cards (one face down) and then 3 more face-up cards interspersed with betting rounds. However, a final round is added where all the players are dealt a single community card. The other main difference is the use of a stripped deck - with all cards of rank 2 to 6 inclusive taken out of the deck. As a result, this variant is often played shorthanded - usually with 6 players per table. As with most stripped deck games, in Telesina flushes are ranked above full-houses.[10][11] In addition, unlike in traditional poker, suits are used to break ties. If players have an identical straight flush or straight, the high suit wins. If both players have the same pair or two pair, the suit of the highest kicker determines the winner. The order of suits, strongest to weakest, is hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades.[12] Another unique rule states if two players have a flush the highest ranking card is not used to determine a winner; instead, the Telesina suit order is used to resolve the situation. The final Telesina-specific rule states if there are only two players left in the pot, the highest straight flush (A, K, Q, J, T in hearts) is beaten by the lowest straight flush (T, 9, 8, 7, A in spades).[13] Note that these rules are as the game has been played on several online poker sites, but Telesina may generically refer to any stripped deck five-card stud variation.[14]
Asian five-card stud / Americana[edit]
Regular five-card stud played with a stripped deck - with all cards of rank 2 to 6 inclusive removed from the deck.[15] This variant has been played in a tournament format in California.[16] Called Americana, the game has been available on online poker sites.[17] As with other stripped deck games, a flush is ranked higher than a full house. This is different from the game Asian stud which is played against the house.
Notes[edit]
- ^World Casino Directory: History of Poker
- ^ abSoko: Poker game review
- ^Hendon Mob Database: Bill Boyd
- ^Hendon Mob Database: $500 Five card stud - Ottoman Championship Event
- ^Hendon Mob Database: 1992 L.A. Poker Classic ScheduleArchived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^Paradise Poker: 5 card stud poker
- ^ abChilcoot's Poker Page: Five Card Stud
- ^ abcPoker.com: Basic Five Card Stud
- ^Rules of Telesina
- ^Telesina Review :: Poker - by Reviewed Online Poker
- ^Compatible Poker: Telesina Rules - 5-Stud Variation
- ^Poker Rules - Rules of Telesina
- ^Telesina Hand Ranking
- ^Rules of Card Games: Telesina
- ^Pokernews.com: Definition of Asian five-card stud
- ^PokerPages: 1992 LA Poker ClassicArchived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^Americana Poker Rules – Poker Rooms with Americana
The NCAA has charged Arizona with five Level I rules violation allegations, including two alleged instances of academic misconduct within the men's basketball program, according to a notice of allegations the university released to ESPN on Friday through an open records request.
Arizona released the notice of allegations in response to a Maricopa County judge's order issued Monday. The school had denied requests from ESPN and other media outlets last fall to release the record, and the network sued in January.
Among the charges, former Wildcats assistant coaches Emanuel 'Book' Richardson and Mark Phelps are charged with violating the principles of ethical conduct, engaging in preenrollment academic misconduct and/or providing an impermissible recruiting inducement 'when they knowingly arranged for false academic transcripts for two then men's basketball prospective student-athletes.'
Among the Level I allegations, the NCAA charged men's basketball coach Sean Miller for not demonstrating 'that he promoted an atmosphere for compliance and monitored his staff.'
'Miller failed to demonstrate he promoted compliance by not establishing that compliance was a shared responsibility within the men's basketball program, not setting clear expectations that his coaching staff comply with NCAA legislation and not require the immediate reporting of actual and potential violations to the compliance staff for an independent inquiry,' the NCAA notice of allegations said.
The report said 'two of Miller's three assistant coaches committed intentional violations involving fraudulent academic transcripts, receipt of cash bribes, facilitating a meeting with an aspiring agent, impermissible inducements and recruiting violations all within an 18-month period. The ultimate responsibility for the integrity of the men's basketball program rested with Miller and his staff's actions reflect on Miller as the head coach.'
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NCAA enforcement staff alleged that Miller 'failed to demonstrate' that he monitored Phelps and Richardson regarding their involvement with the prospects.
'Specifically, while Miller knew both prospects had significant academic deficiencies to overcome in order to be academically eligible, Miller failed to ask his staff pointed questions and did not actively look for red flags regarding the circumstances and timing of the prospective student-athletes' academic eligibility,' the notice said.
Miller is also accused of failing to demonstrate that he monitored Richardson and the men's basketball program's relationship with Christian Dawkins.
Dawkins, an aspiring business manager, was one of three men who were found guilty for their roles in pay-for-play schemes to influence high-profile basketball recruits to attend Kansas, Louisville and NC State. Dawkins and former Adidas consultant Merl Code were convicted in a separate trial for bribing assistant coaches at Arizona, Oklahoma State, South Carolina and USC.
The NCAA enforcement staff alleged that Miller knew an unidentified Arizona player utilized Dawkins to decide whether to enter the NBA draft, but Miller did not ask pointed questions of the player or his coaching staff regarding 'the origin and nature of the relationship.'
After the player decided to return to Arizona, the NCAA alleges, Miller knew that the player and Dawkins maintained a relationship, but Miller 'failed to conduct any additional inquiry regarding the nature of the [player's] relationship with Dawkins or Richardson's knowledge of and involvement in the relationship between [the player] and Dawkins.'
Among aggravating factors in the case, NCAA enforcement staff noted that Miller 'negligently disregarded' violations.
Arizona's athletic department is also charged with lack of institutional control for 'failure to establish a culture of compliance within the men's basketball program.'
The enforcement staff alleged that Arizona 'refused to share the factual findings of its external investigation related to the men's basketball program despite the enforcement staff taking every possible accommodation to protect attorney-client privilege; the director of athletics and head of compliance discussed and drafted talking points related to the external and NCAA investigation that demonstrated from the outset a lack of commitment to cooperation and acceptance of responsibility; and the institution's outside counsel and head of compliance, at the direction of the president, conducted an unrecorded interview with Richardson without first notifying and/or involving the enforcement staff despite being engaged in a collaborative investigation and knowing Richardson was a key individual the enforcement staff wanted to interview.'
Richardson, who was one of 10 men arrested in September 2017 for their involvement in bribery and pay-for-play schemes in a federal investigation into college basketball, is also charged with accepting $20,000 in cash bribes from representatives of LOYD, Inc., a business management company that sought to represent the players once they turned pro. Dawkins was a representative of LOYD, Inc.
Phelps is accused of providing an impermissible $500 loan to an Arizona player, instructing a then-men's basketball player to delete a text message related to an NCAA violation and knowingly providing false or misleading information to the institution and NCAA enforcement staff, and directing an Arizona player to assist in the recruiting of two potential recruits.
The school argued that releasing the notice of allegations would violate the NCAA's confidentiality rules and subject the school to harmful sanctions. In siding with ESPN, Superior Court Judge Joseph P. Mikitish wrote that Arizona 'put forth no evidence' that the NCAA or other related body has ever penalized a public university for releasing a notice of allegations in response to a records request.
Mikitish wrote that while Arizona officials said they wanted to limit harm caused by 'unproven allegations circulating in the media,' public records exemptions to protect a government agency do not exist to 'save an officer or public body from inconvenience or embarrassment.'
The Wildcats received the notice of allegations in October but initially declined to release it publicly. The case will be adjudicated through the Independent Accountability Resolution Process, which is handling similar cases involving basketball programs at Kansas, Louisville and NC State.
During the federal government's investigation into bribes and other corruption in college basketball, Richardson told undercover FBI agents that he paid $40,000 to a high school coach to ensure that former Arizona guard Rawle Alkins was academically eligible to play for the Wildcats, according to a transcript of a meeting obtained by ESPN from the U.S. Attorney's Office in New York.
During a June 20, 2017, meeting with Dawkins, financial planner Munish Sood and two undercover FBI agents, Richardson said that Alkins needed one more class to be eligible under NCAA rules, and that an unidentified coach wanted $40,000 to add the class to his official transcript.
'It's ingenious,' Richardson said, according to the transcript of the meeting. 'Initially, I was mad at his high school coach, but I would say it's ingenious. He said, 'Book, I need $40,000 to get this on his transcript. If he does not get this class, he's gonna be a partial qualifier. He's not gonna have 16 credits to graduate.'
'So long story short, I said OK. You need 40 grand for that class. He said, 'Yes, Book, because it's not just me doing it. I gotta take care of some people.' I said, '[Expletive] you I'm not doing it.' Tried to play poker and one week turned into a month, and I said, 'Oh s---.'
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The interview transcript was part of the evidence from a federal criminal trial in 2019, when Dawkins and Code were convicted of paying bribes to Richardson, former Oklahoma State assistant Lamont Evans and former USC assistant Tony Bland to steer their players to Dawkins' sports management company and certain financial planners.
In late December, Arizona announced it was self-imposing a one-year postseason ban as a 'proactive measure in its ongoing NCAA enforcement process,' which will keep the Wildcats out of this season's Pac-12 and NCAA tournaments.
'I understand and fully support the University's decision to self-impose a one-year postseason ban on our Men's Basketball program,' Miller said in a statement. 'Our team will remain united and aggressively compete to win a PAC-12 championship.'
Alkins, who played at Arizona for two seasons before turning pro in 2018, attended Christ the King Regional High School in Queens, New York, for three years and then Word of God Christian Academy in Raleigh, North Carolina, for his senior year.
'I tried to get someone else to get him a summer school course,' Richardson said during the meeting, according to the transcript. 'Couldn't do it because what [the coach] had was a seal. He had the school seal, and the great thing about the seal that he had, the school, and Bishop Ford closed down in Brooklyn, so you can't investigate. You can't investigate. So when the NCAA says I need to see the coursework and all -- the school's closed.'
Richardson told the undercover FBI agents that Alkins didn't receive any of the $40,000 he allegedly paid the high school coach. Alkins played 10 games for the Chicago Bulls during the 2018-19 season. He signed with the New Orleans Pelicans on Dec. 4, 2020, and was waived at the end of training camp later that month.
'I felt that the kid was being done an injustice and a disservice because what -- the high school coach again, it was ingenious, but when you bamboozle everyone and that kid didn't get any of the 40, that's the problem I have,' Richardson said.
'Because his mom still, she's gotta get places. And that was my whole point. If I do something for you guys, I wanna make sure that mom, she's at every game. So she's not [expletive] with us. 'Cause I've always said this: When you give someone something ahead of time and say, 'Hey, you book these tickets' -- now they're not calling you two days ahead to say, 'Oh, Book, you're not gonna believe it. I never booked this flight. Only thing that's left is first class and it's $1,500 one way.' What? So season's going on. I'm like, 'Just do it.' So I had 'just do it' moments for the last seven years and that's not benefited me.'
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Richardson, who worked as an Arizona assistant from 2009 to 2017, pleaded guilty in January 2019 to accepting $20,000 in bribes and was sentenced to three months in prison and two years of probation as part of a plea agreement.
During the meeting, Richardson also told the undercover agents that he was paying Alkins' cousin, Rodney Labossiere, $2,000 per month after he moved to Tucson, Arizona.
'I told his cousin, 'I'll give you two grand a month to make sure that he works,' Richardson said. 'But he brought him, his wife and his child. Wrong move.'
In February 2019, Arizona suspended Phelps and 'initiated the process' to terminate him because of an alleged NCAA violation, his attorney told ESPN at the time. The school didn't renew his contract after the 2018-19 season.
Sources told ESPN that Phelps is accused of a violation regarding former Arizona recruit Shareef O'Neal's academic transcripts. O'Neal, the son of former NBA star Shaquille O'Neal, was committed to the Wildcats in 2017 before signing with UCLA and sitting out the 2018-19 season with a heart condition. He transferred to LSU in February 2020.
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Two other Level II violations included in the notice of allegations involved Arizona's swimming and diving programs.